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How To Break Into Print Publishing – Writing

How To Break Into Print Publishing
Michael LaRocca

The big question. Do you submit directly to the publishers, or do you find an agent who will do that for you Based on anecdotal evidence Ive heard, it can work either way. The bottom line is, if a publisher reads what he can sell, hell buy it. It doesnt matter if it comes from an author or an agent. The trick is getting him to read it. Thats always your focus.
Some people swear by agents because theyre the ones who will get you larger percentages and advances. Ive decided I dont care quite so much about that. In the case of a new author, I sincerely doubt thatll happen anyway. Id hate to lose my first sale because some greedy agent asked for too much money. Not that I believe thatll happen either.
There are also those who swear by agents because many publishers wont look at an "unsolicited manuscript." Thats true enough. They aint got time. Theyre using agents as a preliminary screening process.
Someone recommended that once youve selected some potential publishers, phone each one and ask how they would like to be approached. Ask whom specifically you should address your work to. Then you can honestly call it a "solicited manuscript." Always be honest in your correspondence.
If this doesnt work, because you cant phone or the secretary refuses to cooperate and tells you things like "we only accept material from reputable literary agents," then mail your query letter, bio, synopsis, and sample chapters. They can only say no, or they can say your query looks interesting and they want to see the rest of the manuscript.
If you hook a publisher this way, odds are the publisher will like for you to have an agent. So this is when you call one, after youve hooked the publisher. The agent gets 15% for doing practically nothing, so hell take the job. The publisher will become more interested when your agent phones saying hes or shes looking after your interests in this matter.
The most important step is to get your presentation looking as professional as humanly possible. No mistakes. None. Zero. Nada. The vast majority of rejections arent because the story is bad, but because the Acquisitions Editor concludes that itll be too much work to make it "ready to read." With new authors, publishers usually lose money. Advertising, print inventory... dont ask them to invest a great deal of editing time as well. They wont do it. Its just that simple.
The Selection Process
The most important part of getting your error-free manuscript published is choosing the right market. The best way to do this is to read books that are aimed at the same target audience as your own. If you want to approach publishers directly, look at who published those books. Preferably one who publishes lots of books in that genre, not just one or two authors. Their marketing machine is already positioned to announce your manuscript to your target audience, and they want more books of the type that you write. They are your best bet.
Some authors thank their editors. If youre going straight to the publisher, note the editors names and use those, preferably after a phone call to ensure the editor still works there. If you can, just phone the publisher and tell whoever answers the phone something like "Im writing a letter to so-and-so, and I want to be sure Im spelling the name correctly."
If you want to approach an agent first, look in the acknowledgements sections of those books. Some authors thank their agents. Look up those agents and start with them. Tell how you found them. This will impress them. You know theyve got a track record in your genre. They know how to sell to publishers who are aimed at your target audience, so let them do it.
http://www.allaboutliteraryagents.com/articlep1003.html offers some additional advice on selecting an agent.
Whichever method you use, go in fully prepared. Meaning, work through all the steps below before you submit anything.
Overview
Your aim is to convince someone who not only does not know you, but does not want to know you, and has read too many bad books, that your book is different. For this you need a cover letter, bio, synopsis, and samples chapter of such sublime wit, wisdom and genius that even the most jaded and cynical editor can take pleasure in it.
Take your time. Dont just whip up something in a day and send it out. Youre probably looking at a one or two year gap between acceptance and publication. So in the grand scheme of things, taking the time to make your presentation really shine wont matter. EXCEPT, that itll ensure you get published in the first place.
Every publisher has "writer guidelines." Get them. Read them. Follow them. Theyre using the process of elimination to get out of reading these submissions. The first step in that process is, bump off everyone who cant follow the guidelines. Dont be one of them.
Preparing Your Query Letter
This will be the first impression that they get of you. Make it a good one! Edit that letter as hard as you would a manuscript, and make the damn thing perfect. Make it good writing. Sum up your book in such a way as to make the recipient of the letter say, "Wow, I want to read this book."
The first page of your book, along with the jacket text, are what usually determines whether a browser buys your book or puts it back on the shelf. As you write your query letter, think of what youd put on that book jacket, and work that concept into your letter.
Never address your query letter To Whom It May Concern, Dear Editor, or any of that. Get a name. When you find the books that you really like, and are searching them for potential publishers, call those publishers. Ask who edited those books. If you want to approach the publisher directly, write to those editors.
You can find advice on writing your query letters etc. at:

www.adlerbooks.com/
www.allaboutliteraryagents.com/article1002.html
www.fearlessbooks.com/PublishingGuide.html
www.suite101.com/welcome.cfm/writing_marketing_fiction
www.wga.org/craft/queryletter.html
www.writergazette.com/articles/article299.shtml

The "query letter clinic" in the 2001 WRITERS MARKET is well worth reading. If youre not going to buy the book, go to the library and read that section of it.
With a simple bit of good writing, and we all know you can do that since youve already written and polished your manuscript, youll make it past this first hurdle. The editor reads your letter, sees nothing in it to stop him from continuing, and has no choice.
What would stop him Typos. Grammar. Spelling. Boredom. Or anything that says "I write so much better than Stephen King that hes not fit to hold my jock strap. Buy my book and well both get rich."
Writing Your Bio
Dont lie. Thats the first rule. The second rule is, dont forget any writing credits. List everything relevant youve got. Publications in decent magazines or newspapers. Credits in TV, films, theaters. Any literary prize youve managed to get in adulthood. The fact that youre a Professor of English or an editor on a sports journal.
If you have no literary background, no education, or no respectable publications, but you spent fifteen years in solitary confinement in a Siberian Work Camp, that might indicate that you have a story to tell. But if youre writing about cuddly koalas to entertain the under-five crowd, this piece of information may be more than anyone needs to know.
You can list your credits either chronologically or from most impressive to least impressive. Just whichever puts you in the best light. You want to look like youre already a successful author. You dont want to sound arrogant, but you do want to sound confident. Keep it to a single page. You dont want to waste anybodys time. They dont have enough. Who does
If your bio is so bare of details that its more of a liability than an asset, forget about it. Maybe your "bio" equals only a sentence or two, in which case you can work it into your query letter instead of a separate document.
Your goal, remember, is to get that editor to read your synopsis or manuscript. To judge it on its own merits. If he reads your writing and rejects it, you gave it your best shot. Try a few more, and if they all reject it, then think about improving your writing. But you dont want that editor to stop reading your submission before he gets to your writing. So, take the time to do the query letter and bio correctly.
Writing Your Synopsis
To quote one agent, "There is no such thing as a good synopsis." And how can there be How do you sum up 50,000 or 100,000 words in a page or two Ill tell you how I do it. Very badly.
Having said that, this is your first chance to show the publisher that you can write. Some publishers want a minimal amount of information on first contact query letter, bio, synopsis. Others want to see the first chapter or two as well. Nobody wants to see the whole manuscript at first, except those who say so in their writers guidelines. If you include sample chapters, the chance of them being read depends largely on the quality of your query letter and synopsis.
Keep your synopsis short, two pages maximum unless the writers guidelines say differently. Shorter is better. Pick out the theme and the strengths of your book and, in as clever a fashion as possible, relay these qualities in a brief chronology. The chronology is less important than the theme because, in truth, your only hope with a synopsis is that your theme or concept will strike a chord with the editor or agent reading it.
If your story is funny, your synopsis should be funny. If it is a romantic story, then your synopsis should be a romantic synopsis. You are a writer, and here is where you can be creative.
A lot of the great works of literature do not have easily defined stories, just fine writing and good characters. If you have no story, then you have to sell your idea. The synopsis must have fine, clear writing. Say how your book starts, how it ends, and what is the interest in the middle. This isnt the time to employ cliffhangers.
Your sample chapter should do the main talking, but your synopsis should offer up those clever memorable sound bites that will linger in the editors mind and convince him to read the sample chapter.
Preparing Your Manuscript
Did I mention that your manuscript must be flawless Ill mention it again. Your manuscript must be flawless. Especially be sure that the first chapters, the "hook" which you will submit, will be the type that grabs the reader and makes him/her/it wonder what happens next.
Beyond that, some mechanics:
If the publisher youre submitting to lists all this information in its guidelines, youre in luck. Do what they say and theyll read the manuscript. Fail to do so and theyll set it down unread, even if youre the next John Grisham.
Remember, theyre budgeting their time and trying to get out of reading this stuff. Once they read it, theyll be fair. If not, you dont want them. If its good solid writing, youre in. But until they get to the writing, theyre always expecting the worst. If youd seen some of the crap that comes their way, youd be just as pessimistic. But in the end they do love good writing or else theyd quit that job.
If the guidelines dont tell you how to prepare the manuscript, consider the information below as a "generic template." Otherwise, ignore my guidelines and use theirs.
Fonts - UK publishers prefer Courier New 10pt, US publishers prefer Times New Roman 12pt. Both are trying to ease their eyestrain, so dont be fancy.
Paper sizes - This ones easy. Letter 8 1/2" by 11" in the US, A4 in the rest of the world.
Hong Kong residents can find letter-size paper in Admiralty. City Office Supplies in Tower 1, Admiralty Center, sells it by the ream. Jumbo Grade on the first floor of Pacific Place sells packs of 50 or 100 sheets, I forget which. You can get to either store by taking train/bus/taxi/your car to Pacific Place.
Binding - US publishers prefer none at all. UK publishers prefer that you punch two holes in the side and use simple brass fasteners to hold it all together - ugly but effective.
Use one type of paper throughout your presentation, preferably plain white. If you have personal stationery thats not too funky, you can use that for the query letter.
The title need not appear on the beginning of every chapter, but its a good idea to put it on each page, along with your name and the page number, in case the manuscript is separated or mislaid at the publishers.
Double-spaced text, unjustified right margins, one-inch margins all around. Include a stamped, self-addressed envelope or self addressed envelope with IRCs of the appropriate size if you want your manuscript back.
Package it so its easy to open but not all wrinkled and nasty when it arrives at your publishers office. No folded manuscripts hastily stuffed into a manila envelope. No envelopes that scatter hundreds of little brown paper shavings all over the desk. Theyre opening far too many of these things, and anything that looks "amateur" gets bumped unread.
Publisher List
http://freereads.topcities.com/publisherdirectories.html contains the websites of almost 100 publishers. I recommend visiting this after youve gone through the selection process, either from books you read or from a book such as WRITERS MARKET.
Agent List
When you select an agent, forget about whos closest to you. Think about whos closest to the publishers youre targeting. Those agents are more likely to know which publishers want which types of manuscripts, and theyre also the ones who can lunch with the publisher instead of handling everything by mail or email or telephone.
Heres some advice from the Agent Research and Evaluation website. They define an agent as:
"...someone who makes a living selling real books to real publishers. No one representing himself as an agent should also claim to be a book doctor, an editor-for-hire, a book consultant of any kind. They shouldnt charge any type of upfront reading fee, marketing fee, evaluation fee or any other fee apart from a commission on work sold.
"With the possible exception of certain MINIMAL office expenses, legitimate agents NEVER handle [the expenses connected with submitting manuscripts] as an upfront cost. Only as a billable expense after being shown to have been incurred.
"Remember, real agents live off the commissions they make from selling their clients projects. Scammers live off up-front fees for unnecessary, inadequate, or non-existent services."
This is excellent advice. Anyone can call himself an agent, get himself listed somewhere, and tell every author who sends him a manuscript "This is excellent. Send me some money and Ill sell it." Then he can pocket the authors money and do absolutely nothing.
Agents work for a percentage of your sales. Its usually 10%-20%. An agents source of income must be the books he sells. If the author pays him before he closes a sale, where is his incentive to close the sale
Insist that your agent send you copies of all rejection letters. A great agent should offer this without you asking, and those rejection letters shouldnt all be undated "Dear author" or "Dear agent" letters that dont mention you or your agent or your manuscript by name.
Your agent should also involve you in the selection process without you asking, even if that just means telling you "Im sending to this, that, and the other place." Dont let him/her send your gothic romance to a childrens publisher, etc.
If your agent is sending your stuff to the right places and its still getting rejected, youve done all you can do, except write better.
http://freereads.topcities.com/literaryagentlist.html contains my list of resources for finding an agent in the US or the UK. If youve been reading my other advice, youre already talking to other authors. If you know one whos made it into print, especially one who writes in your genre, ask which agent and which publisher and editor he or she used.
Warnings
Once you have narrowed down your list of prospects, visit the following sites to learn about the latest scams and such:
Bewares Board http://www.absolutewrite.com/forum/index.html
Editor Report http://www.geocities.com/editorreport/
National Writers Union http://www.nwu.org/nwuhome.htm Be sure to look at "Writer Alerts"
Preditors and Editors http://www.anotherealm.com/prededitors
Writer Beware http://www.sfwa.org/Beware/
Copyright 2001, Michael LaRocca

About The Author
Michael LaRoccas website at http://freereads.topcities.com was chosen by WRITERS DIGEST as one of The 101 Best Websites For Writers in 2001 and 2002. He published two novels in 2002 and has two more scheduled for publication in 2004. He also works as an editor for an e-publisher. He teaches English at a university in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, China, and publishes the free weekly newsletter Mad About Books.
michaellarocca@yawweb.org